Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a condition that affects the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections and illnesses. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV. Approximately 1.2 million people in the U.S. live with HIV as of 2024.
Common HIV/AIDS symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Pain
- Loss of appetite
Research shows that medical cannabis may help relieve these and other common symptoms.
Research on cannabis for HIV/AIDS
Research on how cannabis affects HIV is inconclusive. In one study, cannabis lowered the amount of HIV in the body. However, other studies show the opposite.
That said, cannabis may help address common HIV symptoms. Studies show that cannabis may help ease some HIV-related symptoms, such as chronic pain and appetite loss. Studies have found that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary compound in cannabis, may help reduce nausea and increase appetite. Other research shows that cannabis may help relieve nerve pain (neuropathy), problems with mood, and inflammation.
More studies are needed to fully understand how cannabis affects HIV, its long-term effects, and which types of cannabis products are the safest and most effective.
Using cannabis for HIV/AIDS
It’s important to weigh the risks and benefits of using cannabis to help manage HIV/AIDS. Cannabis may help relieve certain symptoms, but it can also cause some side effects.
Benefits
Potential benefits include:
- Pain relief: Cannabis can help reduce nerve pain, a common HIV symptom.
- Appetite stimulation: THC can increase appetite in people with AIDS/HIV-related anorexia or cachexia (wasting syndrome) so that they can maintain a healthy weight.
- Nausea reduction: Cannabis may help reduce nausea associated with HIV treatment.
- Improved mood: Cannabis may be helpful for anxiety and depression.
Risks and side effects
Before trying cannabis, it’s important to consider its potential side effects and risks, such as:
- Dizziness or drowsiness: Cannabis can make some people feel lightheaded or sleepy.
- Cognitive effects: Cannabis may affect memory or concentration, especially when taken in high doses.
- Dependency: Regular use can lead to dependency.
- Difficulty adhering to treatment:One study showed that cannabis use can lead to decreased compliance with antiretroviral treatment (ART).
Is it legal?
The legal status of cannabis depends on where you live. In most states that have a medical cannabis program, an HIV/AIDS diagnosis qualifies you for medical cannabis.
Depending on your state’s marijuana laws, caregivers may be able to access cannabis for minors who have HIV/AIDS.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved cannabis-based medications like dronabinol to treat appetite and weight loss associated with AIDS/HIV treatment, as well as multiple sclerosis (MS) and cancer treatment.
More about HIV/AIDS
HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. If untreated, it can lead to AIDS. Symptoms of AIDS include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nerve pain
- Increased risk of infections.
HIV is diagnosed through a blood test. While there’s no cure, treatments like antiretroviral therapy (ART) can make HIV manageable and allow people to live long, healthy lives.
Other treatments for HIV/AIDS
HIV treatment usually involves a combination of medications that address symptoms and improve immune system function.
Traditional therapies
If HIV is diagnosed and treated early on, medications can manage and even suppress the disease.
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART): A combination of drugs that suppress the virus and prevent it from progressing to AIDS
- Pain medications: Used to manage nerve pain
- Anti-nausea drugs: Reduce nausea caused by ART medications
Natural and alternative therapies
These treatments may help improve outcomes when used in conjunction with traditional therapies.
- Nutritional supplements: Vitamin supplements can support overall health and immune function in people with HIV.
- Mind-body therapies: Practices like yoga and meditation may reduce stress.
- Herbal remedies: Some people use herbal supplements like turmeric or curcumin to manage symptoms, though their effectiveness against HIV/AIDS is not proven.
Cannabis as part of your treatment plan for HIV/AIDS
Cannabis can be a helpful addition to an HIV treatment plan, especially for managing symptoms like pain, nausea, and appetite loss. Speak with your doctor before using cannabis for HIV/AIDS.
In many states, HIV/AIDS qualifies you for medical cannabis so you can access safe and legal cannabis products. To get a medical cannabis card in your state, contact a telehealth professional at Leafwell today.
Frequently asked questions
Here are some FAQs you may have about using medical cannabis for HIV.
Is cannabis safe for people with HIV/AIDS?
Cannabis is generally considered safe for most people, but it’s important to start with a low dose and watch for side effects like dizziness or drowsiness. Make sure to only use lab-tested cannabis from a licensed dispensary.
Is CBD effective for HIV/AIDS symptoms?
CBD may help manage symptoms like anxiety and inflammation. Still, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for HIV/AIDS specifically, as evidence is limited. Some people may require THC for effective pain relief and appetite stimulation.
Can CBD be used without THC for HIV/AIDS?
Yes, CBD can be used without THC and may provide relief for specific symptoms, especially for those who want to avoid psychoactive effects.
Does cannabis lower inflammation in those with HIV/AIDS?
One study shows that daily cannabis use leads to lower central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in those with HIV. Still, more clinical trials are needed to confirm this effect.
Can I smoke weed while on HIV meds?
If you’re taking HIV medication, talk to your doctor before smoking cannabis. While cannabis may offer relief from some HIV symptoms, it may also interact with certain medications, reducing their efficacy or potency.
